Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. The threat of invasion was Elizabeth's main problem when she became To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. From there we will look at the career . Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. This was because the society was very patriarchal, male dominated, meaning that she . If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. This increased tension between England and Spain. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Elizabethan Religious Settlement - BBC Bitesize Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. . This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. Boston House, On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. LS23 6AD Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. Europe. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. Spanish invasion plans. In this sense, the colonisation of Virginia should be understood in relation to the wider conflict with Spain. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. Importantly too, Elizabeths fear of the Auld Alliance was heightened by the fact that the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, had declared herself the legitimate Queen of England (owing to the fact that she was Elizabeths second cousin and the granddaughter of Henry VIIIs sister Margaret) and she had the support of many English Catholics. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Manage Settings Edward was succeeded by Mary, who in turn ruled for five years until her death in 1558. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. Company Reg no: 04489574. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. As such, I disagree with the statement. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. 214 High Street, Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Student / Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Norfolk was killed in 1572. She was a Protestant. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. Tudor Rebellions: Causes & Timeline - Video & Lesson Transcript - Study.com ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and 214 High Street, Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Sue Gray quits the civil service to become Starmer's aide: is it a big deal? The Northern Earls staged a rebellion (1569) centred around Mary, aiming to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, raising tension between the two monarchs. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. This meant atholics did not think . The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. In total, less than 10000 men and half the fleet made it back to Spain. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail.